With UK temperatures set to rise above 30°C this week, it is important to take proactive steps to protect livestock from heat stress.
Animals like cattle, sheep, pigs, and horses don’t cope with heat in the same way humans do. Ruminants generate internal heat during digestion, and pigs can’t sweat to cool themselves down, making them especially vulnerable during hot weather.
Here’s what you need to know to keep your livestock safe, both on the farm and when in transit.
On-Farm: Managing Heat Stress
Having a contingency plan in place for extreme weather is essential. Key actions include:
- Access to water -ensure all animals have clean, fresh water at all times. They will drink more in hot weather.
- Provide shade – natural or artificial shelter helps animals escape direct sun.
- Inspect animals often – especially the very young, old, or unwell.
- Recognise signs of heat stress – these vary by species but may include rapid breathing, drooling, lethargy, or staggering.
- Act quickly – move animals to shade, increase water availability, and contact your vet if needed.
- Avoid moving animals during peak heat – keep distances short, particularly for dairy cattle moving to the parlour.
- Coordinate with neighbours – in case water or feed access becomes difficult.
Speak to your vet about cooling strategies tailored to different animals—what works for one species may not be suitable for another.
Transporting Livestock: Legal and Welfare Considerations
It is illegal to transport animals in conditions that may cause them harm or unnecessary suffering. During hot weather:
- Only move animals fit for transport.
- Avoid transporting when temperatures exceed 30°C, unless using a temperature-controlled vehicle. Always check the “feels like” temperature, especially when humidity is high.
- Ensure water and ventilation systems are working properly.
- Meet animals’ hydration needs before and during transport.
- Plan ahead – delays that are minor in cooler conditions can be dangerous in extreme heat.
- Travel in the cooler parts of the day – early morning, evening, or overnight.
- Park in shaded areas when stationary or loading.
- Reduce loading density – more space improves ventilation and helps animals regulate body temperature.
- Check animals regularly throughout the journey for signs of heat stress.
- Know the signs – act quickly if any animal shows signs of overheating.
Every farm is different, but all animals are vulnerable in extreme heat. A proactive approach is the best way to maintain welfare and productivity during a heatwave. Check your plans, speak to your vet, and stay one step ahead of the weather.
For further information, see the Hot weather and potential risks to health and welfare guidance from the Animal and Plant Health Agency.